As the days grow shorter and temperatures drop, many people notice changes in their mood, energy levels, and motivation. For some, this shift is mild and temporary; often called the “winter blues.” For others, the impact is deeper and more persistent, developing into Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), a form of depression linked to seasonal changes. We sat down with our own Jackie Day, LCSW to learn more about SAD, and what that can mean for us, and our loved ones.
“This time of year, I see patients who struggle with SAD, especially those who already have a diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder or Major Depressive Disorder. Also, the stress of the holidays can exacerbate feelings of being overwhelmed,” says Jackie Day, LCSW.
Who Is More at Risk?
Seasonal Affective Disorder can affect anyone, but research shows certain groups may be more vulnerable. “SAD is more common in women than men. Younger people are also more often diagnosed with SAD than older adults. Studies have shown that living further away from the equator can increase the likeliness of SAD.
Genetic/biological factors may play a role as well,” advises Jackie. “People who have family members diagnosed with SAD are more at risk.”
Common Symptoms to Watch For
Winter-related mood changes often affect more than just emotions. Symptoms can show up in both physical and mental ways, including:
- Persistent low mood or feelings of sadness
- Low energy or fatigue, even after adequate rest
- Increased appetite, especially cravings for carbohydrates
- Changes in sleep patterns, such as oversleeping
- Difficulty concentrating
- Loss of motivation or interest in activities once enjoyed
- Social withdrawal or isolation
Jackie tells us, “There’s no known way to prevent the development of SAD; however, taking steps early on to manage these symptoms can prevent them from getting worse over time. Since people can predict the time of the year in which these symptoms may start, treatment can help prevent complications such as symptoms get too adverse.”
What Causes Seasonal Depression?
Seasonal depression is believed to be influenced by a combination of biological and environmental factors, including:
- Reduced sunlight, which can disrupt the body’s internal clock (circadian rhythm)
- Changes in serotonin levels, a brain chemical that affects mood
- Disruptions in melatonin, a hormone tied to sleep and energy regulation
Together, these changes can affect mood, appetite, sleep, and overall motivation.
Winter Blues vs. Seasonal Affective Disorder
It’s normal to feel less energetic or less motivated during winter months. However, the key difference lies in severity and duration.
- Winter blues are usually mild and don’t significantly disrupt daily functioning.
- Seasonal Affective Disorder symptoms are more intense, last most of the season, and interfere with work, relationships, or self-care.
Treatment Options and Support: “Don’t chalk it up to just a winter/cold slump or cabin fever” Jackie advises. “If low mood, fatigue, or loss of motivation lasts more than a couple of weeks or feels overwhelming, reaching out is a strong and healthy step.”
If you or a loved one are experiencing symptoms of seasonal depression, consider reaching out to a mental health professional to explore support options tailored to your needs.
Click here to learn more about our behavioral health services or to schedule an appointment with Jackie, or an OCH mental health provider near you!